Daniel Cosenza's Blog — FreeBSDThe ports tree, ZFS, jails, pf, and the internals of a Unix built for correctness.https://danielcosenza.com/en-usFri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTCapsicum Beyond the Basics: Building Capability-Mode Services From Scratchhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-capsicum-services/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-capsicum-services/How to design a FreeBSD service around Capsicum descriptor rights, capability mode, process descriptors, and delegated Casper services.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDcapsicumsecuritysandboxingFixing bhyve VMs That Refuse to Boot With UEFI Firmwarehttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-bhyve-uefi-boot/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-bhyve-uefi-boot/A layered bhyve UEFI diagnostic for firmware paths, VNC output, NVRAM state, EFI partitions, virtual disks, drivers, and stale VMs.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDbhyveuefivirtualizationFixing a Corrupted GPT Boot Partition on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-boot-partition-corruption/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-boot-partition-corruption/How to distinguish damaged GPT metadata from missing BIOS or EFI boot code, recover safely from the backup table, and verify every write.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixbootgptDiagnosing FreeBSD Ethernet Link Flapping at the Driver Levelhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-ethernet-link-flapping/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-ethernet-link-flapping/How to correlate FreeBSD link events, counters, negotiated media, switch logs, optics, driver messages, and EEE before changing anything.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnetworkingdriversethernetDiagnosing a FreeBSD Kernel Panic from a Crash Dumphttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-kernel-panic/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-kernel-panic/How to verify FreeBSD dump capture, preserve vmcore evidence, match kernel symbols, read crashinfo and kgdb traces, and report a panic.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixkerneldebuggingFixing FreeBSD Time Sync Drift When ntpd Won't Convergehttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-ntpd-time-drift/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-ntpd-time-drift/How to diagnose FreeBSD ntpd source selection, reachability, offset thresholds, drift, virtual clocks, and safe one-time clock steps.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDntpdtime-syncnetworkingFixing pf State Table Exhaustion on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-pf-state-table-full/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-pf-state-table-full/How to confirm PF state exhaustion, identify the responsible rules and sources, size memory safely, apply limits, and validate a ruleset reload.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixpffirewallFixing Slow Boot Times Caused by Excessive rc.d Service Dependencieshttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-slow-boot-rcd-deps/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-slow-boot-rcd-deps/How to measure FreeBSD boot delays with boottrace, inspect rcorder dependencies, isolate blocking services, and repair ordering safely.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDrc.dbootperformanceFixing ZFS ARC Consuming All Available RAM on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-zfs-arc-memory/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-zfs-arc-memory/How to distinguish healthy ZFS ARC caching from real FreeBSD memory pressure, measure reclamation, and set a tested ARC ceiling safely.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixzfsmemoryFixing 'Panic: Solaris Assert' Style ZFS Kernel Panics on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-zfs-solaris-assert-panic/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-zfs-solaris-assert-panic/How to preserve and classify a FreeBSD ZFS assertion panic, protect the pool, test hardware, recover data, and report a reproducible bug.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDzfspanickernelHAST and Ctl: FreeBSD's Built-In Storage Replication and iSCSI Targethttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-hast-ctl/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-hast-ctl/How HAST replication modes, role changes, fencing, and CTL iSCSI targets fit together without confusing replication with failover.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhaststorageiscsiHow to Configure Audit(4) for Security Event Logging on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-audit-logging/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-audit-logging/How to enable FreeBSD BSM auditing, select useful event classes, protect trail storage, rotate safely, filter records, and verify capture.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDauditsecurityloggingHow to Use ZFS Boot Environments with bectl for Safe Upgradeshttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-boot-environments/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-boot-environments/How to inspect ZFS boot-environment coverage, create and verify a bectl rollback point, activate it safely, and reclaim space afterward.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtozfsboot-environmentsHow to Harden Services on FreeBSD with Capsicumhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-capsicum-hardening/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-capsicum-hardening/How to adapt a FreeBSD program for Capsicum by pre-opening resources, limiting descriptor rights, entering capability mode, and testing denial.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtocapsicumsecuritysandboxingHow to Set Up High Availability with CARP on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-carp-ha/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-carp-ha/How to configure modern FreeBSD CARP on two hosts, control election and preemption, test failover, synchronize PF state, and monitor HA.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDcarphigh-availabilitynetworkingHow to Use DTrace on FreeBSD for Live Kernel and Application Tracinghttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-dtrace-tracing/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-dtrace-tracing/A production-safe FreeBSD DTrace workflow for loading providers, narrowing probes, aggregating syscalls and stacks, and controlling tracing overhead.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDdtracedebuggingperformanceHow to Manage FreeBSD Jails with iocagehttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-iocage-jails/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-iocage-jails/A current iocage workflow for selecting a supported FreeBSD release, creating a ZFS-backed jail, managing networking, updates, snapshots, and removal.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtojailsiocageHow to Configure Multi-Path TCP and Advanced Routing Tables on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-multipath-routing/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-multipath-routing/How to build and verify multiple FreeBSD routing tables, assign services and jails to FIBs, use PF policy routing, and distinguish them from MPTCP.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnetworkingroutingfibHow to Set Up FreeBSD as a NAS with ZFS and Sambahttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-nas-zfs-samba/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-nas-zfs-samba/How to design a resilient FreeBSD ZFS NAS, configure a supported Samba package, align identities and permissions, and verify backup and client access.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDzfssambanasHow to Build and Host a Custom pkg Repositoryhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-pkg-repository/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-pkg-repository/A secure FreeBSD pkg repository workflow covering package provenance, offline signing, atomic publication, HTTPS serving, client trust, and rollback.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtopkgpackage-managementHow to Set Up a FreeBSD Poudriere Build Server for Custom Packageshttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-poudriere-build-server/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-poudriere-build-server/A reproducible Poudriere workflow for supported FreeBSD build jails, pinned Ports trees, reviewed options, signed repositories, client tests, and upkeep.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDpoudrierepackagesportsHow to Configure FreeBSD as a Router with pf NAThttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-router-firewall-nat/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-router-firewall-nat/A console-safe FreeBSD IPv4 router and PF NAT workflow covering interface plans, forwarding, default-deny rules, management access, validation, and recovery.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtopfnatrouterFreeBSD 10.0 Ships with Clang as Default Compiler and Introduces bhyvehttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-100-clang/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-100-clang/How FreeBSD 10.0 moved major architectures to Clang 3.3, introduced bhyve, expanded virtual-machine support, and modernized base.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewsclangbhyvetoolchainFreeBSD 2.0 Ships, Finally Free of AT&T Codehttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-20-release/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-20-release/FreeBSD 2.0's November 22, 1994 release rebuilt the system on 4.4BSD-Lite, cleared its inherited legal uncertainty, and reset installation and compatibility.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewsfreebsdhistorylawsuitDragonFly BSD Forks From FreeBSD 4.8 Over SMP Design Disagreementshttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-dragonfly-bsd-fork/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-dragonfly-bsd-fork/DragonFly BSD began from FreeBSD 4.8 in June 2003 and was announced July 16, pursuing Matthew Dillon's LWKT, message-passing, clustering, and SMP design.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDdragonfly-bsdhistorykernelThe FreeBSD Foundation Is Foundedhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-foundation-founded/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-foundation-founded/Justin Gibbs founded the FreeBSD Foundation on March 15, 2000, creating a nonprofit legal and financial institution distinct from the community-run Project.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewsfreebsd-foundationgovernanceThe FreeBSD Foundation Funds OpenSSH Portability Fixes and Intel Wi-Fi Driver Workhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-foundation-openssh-wifi-funding/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-foundation-openssh-wifi-funding/Foundation reports document sponsored OpenSSH 9.2p1/9.3p1 integration and a November 2023 Intel iwlwifi contract that expanded into coordinated laptop work.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfreebsd-foundationopensshwifiFreeBSD 15.0 Ships, Replacing Heimdal Kerberos and Adding Linux-Compatible inotifyhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-freebsd-15-ships/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-freebsd-15-ships/FreeBSD 15.0 shipped December 2, 2025 with pkgbase preview, MIT Kerberos, native and Linuxulator inotify, architecture retirements, and updated crypto.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfreebsd-15releasekernelFreeBSD Completes Its Migration from Subversion to Githttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-git-migration/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-git-migration/FreeBSD moved documentation to Git on December 8, 2020, source on December 23, and Ports on April 6, 2021 while preserving its development history.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewsgitrelease-engineeringbsdinstall Gains Guided Root-on-ZFS Support, Years After ZFS Itself Landedhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-zfs-installer-guided-support/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-zfs-installer-guided-support/FreeBSD 7.0 added ZFS in 2008, but FreeBSD 10.0 made root-on-ZFS a guided bsdinstall option with pool, RAID, sector, and GELI controls.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDzfsinstallerhistoryUnderstanding FreeBSD's Random Number Subsystem (random(4)) and Entropy Harvestinghttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-random-entropy/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-random-entropy/How FreeBSD seeds Fortuna, harvests entropy, serves random bytes, and exposes early-boot failures without making unsafe assumptions.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDrandomsecuritykernelFreeBSD's rc.d Init System: Scripts, Dependencies, and Service Orderinghttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-rcd-init/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-rcd-init/How FreeBSD orders rc.d scripts, separates dependency order from enablement, and provides safe, testable service lifecycle hooks.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDrc.dinitbootFreeBSD's VFS Layer: How Multiple Filesystems Share One Interfacehttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-vfs-layer/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-vfs-layer/How FreeBSD routes path lookup and file operations through mounts, vnodes, namecache entries, and filesystem-specific VOP methods.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDvfsfilesystemkernelHow to Set Up a Web Server on FreeBSD with nginxhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-nginx-webserver/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-nginx-webserver/A secure FreeBSD-native nginx deployment covering packages, rc.conf, isolated site configuration, PF validation, TLS issuance, logging, and rollback.Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtonginxwebserverHow to Set Up Automated Security Audits on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-security-audit-updates/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-security-audit-updates/A verifiable FreeBSD security-update workflow for pkg and base-system auditing, periodic delivery, patch-method detection, staged remediation, and evidence.Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtosecuritypkg-auditfreebsd-updatebhyve: FreeBSD's Native Type-2 Hypervisorhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-bhyve/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-bhyve/How bhyve combines FreeBSD's vmm kernel support, explicit virtual devices, UEFI firmware, networking, and lifecycle controls.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDbhyvevirtualizationhypervisorfreebsdInside the FreeBSD Boot Process: BIOS/UEFI, the Loader, and inithttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-boot/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-boot/A forensic walkthrough of FreeBSD startup from BIOS or UEFI firmware through loader, kernel initialization, init, and ordered rc services.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDbootloaderkernelfreebsdFixing FreeBSD Jail Networking When VNET Jails Can't Reach the Networkhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-jail-networking/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-jail-networking/A hop-by-hop VNET jail diagnostic for epair ownership, addresses, routes, bridges or NAT, forwarding, PF, DNS, and misleading ping failures.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixjailsnetworkingFixing 'Mounting from ufs:/dev/... failed' at FreeBSD Boothttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-mountroot/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-mountroot/How to diagnose FreeBSD's mountroot prompt by separating missing storage, stale root specifications, filesystem damage, and ZFS boot issues.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixbootfreebsdFixing an NFS Mount That Hangs Instead of Failing on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-nfs-hang/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-nfs-hang/How to trace a hung FreeBSD NFS operation through process waits, protocol version, transport, server health, firewall paths, and mount policy.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixnfsnetworkingFixing Broken pkg and Ports Builds on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-pkg-build/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-pkg-build/How to isolate FreeBSD repository, ABI, lock, dependency, options, distfile, and ports-build failures without damaging package state.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixpkgportsfreebsdRecovering a ZFS Pool That Won't Import on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-zfs-pool-import/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-fix-zfs-pool-import/A write-minimizing FreeBSD ZFS import workflow for missing devices, host ownership, damaged transactions, read-only recovery, and backups.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDfixzfsfreebsdUnderstanding GEOM: FreeBSD's Modular Storage Frameworkhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-geom/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-geom/How FreeBSD GEOM builds storage graphs from providers, consumers, and classes for partitioning, labels, RAID, encryption, and diagnosis.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDgeomstoragekernelfreebsdThe History of FreeBSD: From 386BSD to a Modern Unixhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-history/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-history/How FreeBSD grew from the 386BSD Patchkit, survived the Net/2 transition, and built the release, ports, and governance model used today.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhistoryfreebsdHow to Set Up a bhyve Virtual Machine Step by Stephttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-bhyve-vm/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-bhyve-vm/A current vm-bhyve workflow for verified firmware, ZFS storage, virtual switches, guest templates, installation media, consoles, and backups.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtobhyvevirtualizationfreebsdHow to Configure Static Networking on FreeBSD from Scratchhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-static-networking/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-static-networking/A rollback-safe FreeBSD static-network workflow for interface identity, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, routes, resolver ownership, staged activation, and validation.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtonetworkingfreebsdHow to Safely Upgrade FreeBSD Between Major Versionshttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-upgrade-major-version/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-upgrade-major-version/A method-aware FreeBSD major-upgrade runbook covering release eligibility, boot environments, external backup, staged installation, bootcode, packages, and rollback.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtoupgradesysadminfreebsdHow to Set Up a WireGuard VPN on FreeBSDhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-wireguard-vpn/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-wireguard-vpn/A least-privilege FreeBSD WireGuard setup covering if_wg, protected keys, cryptokey routing, PF exposure, NAT peers, rc startup, traffic tests, and rotation.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtowireguardvpnnetworkingHow to Automate ZFS Snapshots with periodichttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-zfs-snapshots-automated/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-howto-zfs-snapshots-automated/A verified FreeBSD zfs-periodic setup for explicit datasets, hourly through monthly schedules, retention testing, capacity alerts, consistent data, and recovery.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDhowtozfsautomationfreebsdFreeBSD Jails: Lightweight OS-Level Virtualization Done Righthttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-jails/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-jails/How FreeBSD jails isolate processes, filesystems, identities, networking, and resources without pretending a shared kernel is a VM.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDjailsvirtualizationsecurityfreebsdBuilding a Custom FreeBSD Kernel from Sourcehttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-kernel/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-kernel/How to match FreeBSD source to the running system, derive a custom kernel from GENERIC, build it safely, and preserve rollback paths.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDkernelbuildsysadminfreebsdFreeBSD Networking Internals: Interfaces, Routing, and netstathttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-networking/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-networking/How FreeBSD exposes interfaces, addresses, routes, FIBs, bridges, VLANs, link aggregation, sockets, and packet-level evidence.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnetworkingroutingsysadminfreebsdFreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE Announcedhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-12-release/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-12-release/FreeBSD 12.0 arrived with UEFI+GELI installation, bectl boot environments, LLVM 6.0.1, VIMAGE by default, netdump, and newer bhyve.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewsreleasefreebsdFreeBSD 13.0 Makes ZFS the Installer's Default Root Filesystemhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-13-zfs/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-13-zfs/FreeBSD 13.0 put Auto ZFS first in bsdinstall, integrated OpenZFS, promoted arm64 to Tier 1, and completed the base LLVM migration.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewszfsreleasefreebsdFreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE Shipshttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-14-release/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-14-release/FreeBSD 14.0 shipped OpenZFS 2.2, OpenSSL 3, CUBIC TCP, larger SMP systems, new bhyve features, safer UFS checks, and cloud images.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewsreleasefreebsdpkgng Ships, Replacing FreeBSD's Aging pkg_* Toolshttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-pkgng/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-pkgng/pkg 1.0 arrived August 30, 2012 after two years and 2,000 commits; FreeBSD 10 removed pkg_install and used pkg(7) to bootstrap the new manager.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewspkgpackage-managementFreeBSD 5.0 Ships with SMPng, the Start of Fine-Grained Kernel Lockinghttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-smpng-50/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-news-smpng-50/FreeBSD 5.0 shipped January 19, 2003 with SMPng's core locking architecture, while Giant remained widespread and release engineers advised caution.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDnewskernelsmpConfiguring pf on FreeBSD: A Practical Guide to Packet Filteringhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-pf-firewall/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-pf-firewall/How FreeBSD PF evaluates rules, creates state, uses tables and anchors, performs NAT, logs decisions, and supports safe remote changes.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDpffirewallnetworkingfreebsdThe FreeBSD Ports Collection vs. pkg: Choosing (and Combining) the Right Toolhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-ports-vs-pkg/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-ports-vs-pkg/How FreeBSD Ports recipes, official pkg repositories, custom options, branches, locks, audits, and poudriere fit into one package workflow.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDportspkgpackage-managementfreebsdFreeBSD Release Engineering: -CURRENT, -STABLE, and Shipping Releaseshttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-release-eng/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-release-eng/How FreeBSD moves changes through CURRENT, STABLE, releng branches, freezes, release candidates, and supported production releases.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDrelease-engineeringdevelopmentfreebsdZFS on FreeBSD: Pools, Datasets, and Snapshots Explainedhttps://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-zfs/https://danielcosenza.com/posts/fb-zfs/How FreeBSD ZFS pools, vdevs, datasets, snapshots, replication, scrubs, ARC, and boot environments behave in real operations.Thu, 09 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMTFreeBSDzfsstoragefilesystemfreebsd